Electric Charge and Coulomb's Law

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Table of Contents

• Electric Charge
  • Key Definitions
  • Properties of Electric Charge
    • Charging by Induction
    • Charging by Induction, Ground Connection
  • Atomic Structure (Misc. Facts)

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Electric Charge

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Key Definitions

Electric Charge (EC) - a property of a particle that causes it to experience a force in the proximity of other electrically charged particles

• Electromagnetic (EM) Force - the force associated with electric charges
• Coulombs [$C$] - measure of EC
• $e^{-}\approx -1.602\times {10}^{-19}C$

Conductors - conduct due to free valence electrons

Insulators - insulate due to lack of free electrons

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Properties of Electric Charge

• Electromagnetic Force - all EC exerts a force on all other EC
• Conservation of Electric Charge - EC is not created/de4stroyed
• Electric Charge is Quantized - EC are determined in increments: integer multiples of the charged particle (e${}^{-}$, p${}^{+}$, etc.)

Charging by Induction

Charging by Induction, Ground Connection

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Atomic Structure (Misc. Facts)

Nucleus - positive (protons), ~10${}^{-15}$ m Electron Cloud - negative (electrons), ~10${}^{-10}$ m (x100K nucleus)